خشان خشان
02-20-2016, 11:31 PM
سرني أني وجدت بعض الإشارات إلى العروض الرقمي في رسالة شهادة دكتوراة في إسبانيا
ولو أن الإشارة إليه كانت مقتصرة على ألفبائه وهي مأخوذة مما نشرته مجلة Jalt الأمريكية
وأحببت أن أنقل هذا لأهل الرقمي.
*********
الرابط:
https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/660335/gonzalez_martinez_alicia.pdf?sequence=1
**********
عنوان البحث
A computational model of
Modern Standard Arabic
verbal morphology based
on generation
by Alicia González Martínez
under the supervision of Dr Antonio Moreno
Sandoval
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of PhD
***
ص - 28
Khashan (2003) made an overview of Al Khalil’s quantitative analysis of prosody. Al
Khalil established a basic distinction in the orthographic units of writing strings;
letters could be of two kinds:
a. ن�سا حرف harf sakin (s) ‘static letter’, i.e. an unvocalized letter. A letter sakin is
a letter followed by sukun. Letters waw, ya and alif are also treated as sakin
letters when they are used as long vowels—known in Arabic asممدود mamdood,
i.e. letters which support neither a sukun nor a short vowel.
b. متحرك حرف harf mutaharrik (m) ‘moving letter’, i.e. a vocalized letter. A
mutaharrik letter is a letter followed by a diacritic vowel.
The fundamental principle of this analysis is that a mutaharrik letter is heavier than a
sakin. To represent this, they are marked with different weight symbols. In our
transliteration, we have chosen to use ‘0’ for harf sakin and ‘1’ for harf mutaharrik—in
Arabic, following Khashan (2003) conventions, we will use a hamza ه for harf sakin
and the numeral ۱ for harf mutaharrik.
32 Remember that the writing system was considered part of the language, so the graphic symbols of
the system present a rather accurate relationship with the language itself.
Introduction
******
ص - 29
Representation in Arabic Representation in our transliteration
Sakin (s) 0 ه ساكن (س)
(م) متحرك ١ Mutaharrik (m) 1
(16) word وبُ ُ
mak•tuwbu َم ْكت
Segmentation in letters + مَ بُ + و + تُ + كْ ma . k• . tu . w . bu
Classification م + س + م + س + م m + s + m + s + m
Weights symbols ١ + ه + ١ + ه + ١ 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1
The different syllabic structures are unravelled by assigning accumulative weights.
This means that some sets of letters are considered—prosodically inseparable—syllabic
units under the conception of Arab scholars. These units may be monosyllabic or
disyllabic32F
33. The accumulative weights reflecting syllabic units are mathematical-like:
Arabic explanation
٢ = ه + ا The sequence 1 - 0 is considered a unit with value 2
٣ = ٢ + ا The sequence 1 - 2 is considered a unit with value 3
٤ = ٢ + ٢ The sequence 2 - 2 is considered a unit with value 4
*********
ص - 30
Interestingly, following this traditional view Khashan captures the principle
expressed previously in rules 1 and 2 by means of orthography
لا يبدأ النطق في العربية بساكن ولا ممدود، بل يبدأ بمتحرك
34)Khashan, 2003)
*****
ص - 200
Khashan Mohammad Khashan 2003) .خشان محمد خشان). Al-Khalil and numerical prosody (1) أحمد بن الخليل
الرقمي والعروض. Journal of Arabic Linguistic Tradition, 1, (pp. 25–34).
ولو أن الإشارة إليه كانت مقتصرة على ألفبائه وهي مأخوذة مما نشرته مجلة Jalt الأمريكية
وأحببت أن أنقل هذا لأهل الرقمي.
*********
الرابط:
https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/660335/gonzalez_martinez_alicia.pdf?sequence=1
**********
عنوان البحث
A computational model of
Modern Standard Arabic
verbal morphology based
on generation
by Alicia González Martínez
under the supervision of Dr Antonio Moreno
Sandoval
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of PhD
***
ص - 28
Khashan (2003) made an overview of Al Khalil’s quantitative analysis of prosody. Al
Khalil established a basic distinction in the orthographic units of writing strings;
letters could be of two kinds:
a. ن�سا حرف harf sakin (s) ‘static letter’, i.e. an unvocalized letter. A letter sakin is
a letter followed by sukun. Letters waw, ya and alif are also treated as sakin
letters when they are used as long vowels—known in Arabic asممدود mamdood,
i.e. letters which support neither a sukun nor a short vowel.
b. متحرك حرف harf mutaharrik (m) ‘moving letter’, i.e. a vocalized letter. A
mutaharrik letter is a letter followed by a diacritic vowel.
The fundamental principle of this analysis is that a mutaharrik letter is heavier than a
sakin. To represent this, they are marked with different weight symbols. In our
transliteration, we have chosen to use ‘0’ for harf sakin and ‘1’ for harf mutaharrik—in
Arabic, following Khashan (2003) conventions, we will use a hamza ه for harf sakin
and the numeral ۱ for harf mutaharrik.
32 Remember that the writing system was considered part of the language, so the graphic symbols of
the system present a rather accurate relationship with the language itself.
Introduction
******
ص - 29
Representation in Arabic Representation in our transliteration
Sakin (s) 0 ه ساكن (س)
(م) متحرك ١ Mutaharrik (m) 1
(16) word وبُ ُ
mak•tuwbu َم ْكت
Segmentation in letters + مَ بُ + و + تُ + كْ ma . k• . tu . w . bu
Classification م + س + م + س + م m + s + m + s + m
Weights symbols ١ + ه + ١ + ه + ١ 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1
The different syllabic structures are unravelled by assigning accumulative weights.
This means that some sets of letters are considered—prosodically inseparable—syllabic
units under the conception of Arab scholars. These units may be monosyllabic or
disyllabic32F
33. The accumulative weights reflecting syllabic units are mathematical-like:
Arabic explanation
٢ = ه + ا The sequence 1 - 0 is considered a unit with value 2
٣ = ٢ + ا The sequence 1 - 2 is considered a unit with value 3
٤ = ٢ + ٢ The sequence 2 - 2 is considered a unit with value 4
*********
ص - 30
Interestingly, following this traditional view Khashan captures the principle
expressed previously in rules 1 and 2 by means of orthography
لا يبدأ النطق في العربية بساكن ولا ممدود، بل يبدأ بمتحرك
34)Khashan, 2003)
*****
ص - 200
Khashan Mohammad Khashan 2003) .خشان محمد خشان). Al-Khalil and numerical prosody (1) أحمد بن الخليل
الرقمي والعروض. Journal of Arabic Linguistic Tradition, 1, (pp. 25–34).